Efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on postoperative pain and quality of recovery for septorhinoplasty: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: The pain that occurs after septorhinoplasty is an important factor affecting the comfort of the patient. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of perioperative intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on postoperative pain and quality of recovery in patients underwent septorhinoplasty surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred twenty patients who underwent septorhinoplasty were randomly divided into two groups. Magnesium group received intravenous magnesium after induction of anesthesia (30 mg/kg), then infused until the end of the surgical procedure (9 mg/kg). The placebo group received the same volume of saline infusion. The VAS score was used for postoperative pain assessment, and the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) score was used for the assessment of recovery status. RESULTS: The postoperative 30 min, 1st, 2nd, 4th (p < .001) and 24th hour (p < .05) VAS scores of the patients in the magnesium infusion group were significantly lower compared to the placebo group. Also; in terms of physical comfort (p < .001), emotional state (p < .05), psychological support, pain and total score values (p < .001), patients in magnesium group had significantly higher QoR-40 scores than those in placebo group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative magnesium infusion, which is widely used in many surgeries to provide controlled hypotension, also contributes significantly to patient comfort with its positive effect on postoperative pain and recovery scores.

The Protective Efficacy of Hesperidin and Thymol on Radiation-Induced Submandibular Gland Damage.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to employ biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods to reveal the effectiveness of hesperidin and thymol in preventing radiotherapy-associated submandibular gland injury. METHODS: A total of 48 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. Group 2 was regarded as hesperidin Group, and the rats received only hesperidin. Group 3 was regarded as thymol Group, and the rats received only thymol. Group 4 was regarded as a Radiotherapy Group, and the rats were exposed to radiotherapy at a dose of 15 Gy. Group 5 was regarded as hesperidin + Radiotherapy Group, and rats received hesperidin at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 1 week prior to radiotherapy exposition. Group 6 was regarded as thymol + Radiotherapy Group, and rats received thymol at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 1 week prior to radiotherapy exposition. Rats were sacrificed after radiotherapy and submandibular glands were dissected for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS: We have shown that, thanks to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, hesperidin and thymol minimize the damage caused by radiation toxicity by decreasing oxidant levels and increasing antioxidant enzyme levels in the submandibular gland. We found that thymol showed more protective activity than hesperidin in terms of effectiveness on radiation toxicity. CONCLUSION: Hesperidin and thymol exhibit histopathological, immunochemical, and biochemical protection against radiation-related submandibular gland injury. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature in this field. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A Laryngoscope, 133:1885-1892, 2023.

Efficacy of the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index in Malignant and Benign Parotid Neoplasms.

Objective Several studies have looked at systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (neutrophil x platelet x lymphocyte) values, which have been shown to be useful in determining tumor aggressivity and prognosis, as well as predicting recurrence risk, particularly in cancer cases. The purpose of the current study was to determine SII values in patients with parotid masses and investigate their utility in distinguishing between malignant and benign parotid tumors. Methods This retrospective study included 237 adult patients-112 women and 125 men-who were followed up on and treated for parotid mass between 2015 and 2021. The SII values determined were compared between the groups. Results The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.001). In addition, SII values were higher in malignant tumors with perineural and lymphovascular invasion compared to other malignant tumors, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Although SII values yielded significant results in differentiating malignant from benign parotid tumors, since no significant cut-off value was determined, we do not think that they represent an effective marker capable of being used to distinguish between these tumors in clinical practice.

The effectiveness of berberine on noise-induced hearing loss: a rat model

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Noise-induced hearing loss is a preventable form of hearing loss that has serious social and economic impacts. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of berberine, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, against Noise-induced hearing loss. METHODS: After applying distortion product otoacoustic emission, 28 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was designated as acoustic trauma group, and rats in this group were exposed to white noise for 12 h at an intensity of 4 kHz 110 dB sound pressure level. Group 2 was the control group. Group 3 was designated as the berberine group, and 100 mg/kg of berberine was administered to rats in this group by intragastric lavage for five consecutive days. Group 4 was designated as the acoustic trauma+berberine group. distortion product otoacoustic emission was repeated on the 6th day of the study and cochlear tissues of rats were dissected for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses after sacrificing rats. RESULTS: The distortion product otoacoustic emission results showed a significant decrease in signal-noise ratio values at higher frequencies in rats of the trauma group compared to those in other groups. Acoustic trauma caused severe histopathological impairment at cochlear structures together with severe 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine expression. Rats in the acoustic trauma+berberine group showed mild histopathological changes with mild 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine expression and better signal-noise ratio values. CONCLUSION: The histopathological and audiological findings of this experimental study showed that berberine provides protection in Noise-induced hearing loss and may have the potential for use in acoustic trauma-related hearing losses.

The protective efficacy of Quercetin and Naringenin against radiation-related submandibular gland injury in female rats: A histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to reveal the effectiveness of Quercetin and Naringenin in preventing radiotherapy-associated submandibular gland injury. DESIGN: The study was conducted using 48 adult female Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. The rats received only Naringenin was regarded as Group 2, received only Quercetine was regarded as Group 3. The rats exposed to radiotheraphy at a dose of 15 Gy was regarded as Group 4. Rats in group 5 were received Naringenin at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for one week prior to radiotheraphy exposition while rats in group 6 was received Quercetine at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for one week prior to radiotheraphy. Rats were sacrificed after radiotheraphy and submandibular glands were dissected for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS: Quercetin and Naringenin were found to have protective effect against radiation-induced damage. Naringenin and Quercetin increased the levels of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione and Total antioxidant status while decreasing the levels of Myeloperoxidase and Total oxidant status. Also, these agents inhibited the expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine immunohistochemically. CONCLUSIONS: With their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, Naringenin and Quercetin exhibit histopathological, immunochemical, and biochemical protection against radiation-related submandibular gland injury. In addition, Quercetin was found to be superior to Naringenin in terms of this efficacy.

Evaluation of effect of septoplasty on nasal mucosal dryness using intranasal Schirmer test.

BACKGROUND: Septal deviation causes the air entering the nose to encounter resistance and leads to turbulent flow formation by disrupting laminar air flow. In the literature, the Schirmer test has been recommended to evaluate the moistening of the nasal mucosa. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of nasal humidification using the intranasal schirmer test in patients with septal deviation and to reveal changes in mucosal dryness and humidity in both nasal cavities following septoplasty surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients with septal deviation detected at endoscopic rhinoscopic examination and scheduled for surgery were enrolled. Schirmer test was performed twice, at a one-month interval, pre- and postoperatively and test records were compared. RESULTS: The Schirmer test value for the deviated side of the septum was significantly lower than that for the contralateral side, for both nasal cavities. Schirmer test values increased significantly on the side of the septal deviation compared to the preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Septoplasty surgery performed for septal deviation significantly and reduces nasal mucosa dryness so increases Schirmer test results on the deviated side. We attribute this to septal deviation impairing air flow in the nasal cavity and causing nasal mucosa dryness.

Systemic immune inflammation index in differentiated thyroid cancers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), histopathological findings and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) [neutrophil (N) x platelet (P) / lymphocyte (L)] values. Methods: 93 patients with DTC were included. N, P and L levels were measured, and the relationship between the SII and histopathological findings was determined. The results were compared with the values of 33 healthy controls. Results: SII values were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.000). Tumour pathology diagnosis had no significant effect on SII (p = 0.90). Perineural lymphovascular and capsule invasion and extrathyroidal extension also had no significant effect on SII values. SII was significantly higher in patients with more than one tumour focus (p = 0.01). No significant relationship was determined between tumour diameter and SII. Conclusions: SII is higher in patients with DTC compared to the healthy population. High SII values may be associated with multifocality. According to the results of this study, SII does not affect the histological type, perineural, lymphovascular and capsule invasion, or extrathyroidal extension of DTC.

Early hearing loss detection in gout using extended high frequency audiometry.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyse the hearing levels of patients with gout using extended high frequencies (EHFs) audiometry. Thus, we aimed to reveal the early detectability of potential hearing losses. DESIGN: Comparative cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: A single centre patient was diagnosed with gout disease. PARTICIPANTS: Two groups consisted of 32 patients with gout and 32 healthy volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was hearing thresholds in pure tone (PT) audiometry and EHFs audiometry. Also, the association between audiometric results and haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of mean hearing thresholds in PT audiometry. But, at all frequencies above 4000 Hz (4000-18 000 Hz), the hearing thresholds were significantly higher in patients with gout. Also, the hearing thresholds above 8000 Hz were positively correlated with serum uric acid levels. Hearing thresholds at higher frequencies were positively correlated with haemoglobin levels and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature demonstrating the high frequency of hearing loss in patients with gout using EHFs audiometry. We consider that using EHFs audiometry should have an important place in the early detection of potential hearing losses in gout patients.

The protective effect of Naringenin against ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a ubiquitous chronic disease with a growing incidence. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of naringenin against AR induced in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. The other 24 rats were sensitized with intraperitoneal 0.3 mg ovalbumin (OVA) and 30 mg aluminum hydroxide every other day for 14 days to induce AR. Ten microliters OVA was administered to both nostrils by inhalation for the following seven days to provoke AR. Group 2 represented the AR group and received no treatment. Group 3 was treated as the reference group and received 5 mg/kg desloratadine every day between days 15 and 21. Group 4 received 100 mg/kg naringenin orally between days 15 and 21. All animal's sneezing and nasal itching scores were recorded on day 22. The rats were then sacrificed. Serum total IgE, IL4 and IL5 values were studied, and nasal structures were extracted 'en bloc' for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Significant clinical recovery was achieved in the group treated with naringenin. Serum total IgE, IL4 and IL5 values in the naringenin group were significantly lower than in the AR group, and significant histopathological improvement was observed compared to the AR group. CONCLUSIONS: Naringenin produced significant clinical, biochemical and histopathological benefits in rats with induced AR. These effects suggest that naringenin is a promising agent for the treatment of AR.

The effectiveness of eugenol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity / A eficácia do eugenol contra a ototoxicidade induzida pela cisplatina

Abstract Introduction: Ototoxicity refers to cellular damage or function impairment developing in the inner ear in association with any therapeutic agent or chemical substance, and still represents the principal side-effect restricting the use of cisplatin. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a biochemical, functional and histopathological investigation of the potential protective effect of eugenol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Methods: The study was performed with 24 female Sprague Dawley rats. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests were performed on all animals, which were randomized into four equal groups. A single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin was administered to cisplatin group, while the eugenol group received 100 mg/kg eugenol intraperitoneal for five consecutive days. 100 mg/kg eugenol was administered to cisplatin + eugenol group for 5 days. On the third day, these rats were received a single dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. The control group was given 8 mL/kg/day intraperitoneal saline solution for five days. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions test was repeated 24 h after the final drug administration. All animals were sacrificed, and the cochleas were subsequently used for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: Cisplatin caused oxidative stress in the cochlea, impaired the cochlear structure and significantly reduced signal noise ratio levels. Administration of eugenol together with cisplatin reversed these effects and provided functional, biochemical and histopathological protection. Conclusion: The study findings represent the first indication in the literature that eugenol may protect against ototoxicity by raising levels of antioxidant enzymes and lowering those of oxidant parameters.

Resumo Introdução: A ototoxicidade refere-se ao dano celular ou comprometimento da função da orelha interna associado a qualquer agente terapêutico ou substância química e ainda representa o principal efeito colateral que restringe o uso da cisplatina. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma investigação bioquímica, funcional e histopatológica do potencial efeito protetor do eugenol contra a ototoxicidade induzida pela cisplatina. Método: O estudo foi realizado com 24 ratos fêmeas Sprague Dawley. Testes de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção foram realizados em todos os animais, os quais foram randomizados em quatro grupos iguais. Uma única dose intraperitoneal de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina foi administrada ao grupo cisplatina, enquanto o grupo eugenol recebeu 100 mg/kg de eugenol intraperitoneal por cinco dias consecutivos. Foram administrados 100 mg/kg de eugenol ao grupo cisplatina + eugenol durante 5 dias. No terceiro dia, estes ratos receberam uma dose única de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina. O grupo controle recebeu 8 mL/kg/dia de solução salina intraperitoneal por cinco dias. O teste de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção foi repetido 24 horas após a administração final do medicamento. Todos os animais foram sacrificados e as cócleas foram posteriormente utilizadas para exames bioquímicos e histopatológicos. Resultados: A cisplatina causou estresse oxidativo na cóclea, prejudicou a estrutura coclear e reduziu significativamente os níveis da relação sinal/ruído. A administração de eugenol juntamente com a cisplatina reverteu esses efeitos e forneceu proteção funcional, bioquímica e histopatológica. Conclusão: Os achados do estudo representam a primeira indicação na literatura de que o eugenol pode proteger contra a ototoxicidade, eleva os níveis de enzimas antioxidantes e diminui os níveis dos parâmetros oxidantes.

The Use of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MRI in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

To investigate the efficacy of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in benign-malignant differentiation of thyroid nodules. Images from 24 patients with thyroid masses were obtained using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) at 3-T MR. DCE-MRI images were evaluated by post-processing of selected regions of interest (ROIs) on software, thus eliciting quantitative data for each voxel within the ROI. Ktrans, Ve, Kep, iAUC and chi2 were calculated automatically. The DCE-MRI values of benign and malignant lesions were then compared. Mean Ktrans and iAUC values in malignant lesions were significantly lower than those in benign lesions (p = 0.028 and 0.049). Ktrans, Kep, and iAUC values in malignant lesions were statistically significantly lower than normal parenchyma values. In contrast to other tissues, the perfusion MRI findings of thyroid masses exhibit a decrease in Ktrans and iAUC values as malignancy increases. Perfusion MRI may be useful in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules once a cut-off value has been determined by other studies.

Protective effect of gallic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats / Efeito protetor do ácido gálico contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina em ratos

Abstract Introduction: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Ototoxicity is one of the main side-effects restricting the use of cisplatin. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of gallic acid, in biochemical, functional and histopathological terms, against ototoxicity induced by cisplatin. Methods: Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of seven animals each. Cisplatin group received a single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. Gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days. Cisplatin + gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days and a single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin at 3rd day. A control group received 1 mL intraperitoneal saline solution for five consecutive days. Prior to drug administration, all rats were exposed to the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test. The test was repeated on the 6th day of the study. All rats were then sacrificed; the cochleas were removed and set aside for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: In cisplatin group, Day 6 signal noise ratio values were significantly lower than those of the other groups. Also, malondialdehyde levels in cochlear tissues were significantly higher, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower compared to the control group. Histopathologic evaluation revealed erosion in the stria vascularis, degeneration and edema in the connective tissue layer in endothelial cells, impairment of outer hair cells and a decrease in the number of these calls. In the cisplatin + gallic acid group, this biochemical, histopathological and functional changes were reversed. Conclusion: In the light of our findings, we think that gallic acid may have played a protective role against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats, as indicated by the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test results, biochemical findings and immunohistochemical analyses.

Resumo Introdução: A cisplatina é um agente antineoplásico amplamente usado no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer. A ototoxicidade é um dos principais efeitos colaterais que restringem o uso da cisplatina. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia protetora do ácido gálico, em termos bioquímicos, funcionais e histopatológicos, contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina. Método: Vinte e oito ratas Sprague-Dawley foram incluídas. As ratas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de sete animais cada. O grupo cisplatina recebeu uma única dose intraperitoneal de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina. O grupo ácido gálico recebeu ácido gálico via intraperitoneal a uma dose de 100 mg/kg durante cinco dias consecutivos. O grupo cisplatina + ácido gálico recebeu ácido gálico via intraperitoneal a uma dose de 100 mg/kg durante cinco dias consecutivos e uma única dose intraperitoneal de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina no terceiro dia. O grupo controle recebeu 1 mL de solução salina via intraperitoneal por cinco dias consecutivos. Antes da administração do fármaco, todos os ratos foram expostos ao teste de emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção. O teste foi repetido no sexto dia do estudo. Todos os ratos foram então sacrificados; as cócleas foram removidas e reservadas para análises bioquímicas e histopatológicas. Resultados: No grupo cisplatina, os valores da relação sinal-ruído do dia 6 foram significativamente mais baixos aos dos outros grupos. Além disso, os níveis de malondialdeído nos tecidos cocleares foram significativamente mais altos, e as atividades de superóxido dismutase e glutatione peroxidase foram significativamente mais baixas em comparação com o grupo controle. A avaliação histopatológica revelou erosão na estria vascular, degeneração e edema na camada de tecido conjuntivo em células endoteliais, comprometimento das células ciliadas externas e diminuição do número dessas células. No grupo cisplatina + ácido gálico, estas alterações bioquímicas, histopatológicas e funcionais foram revertidas. Conclusão: Tendo em vista os nossos achados, consideramos que o ácido gálico pode ter desempenhado um papel protetor contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina em ratas, conforme indicado pelos resultados do teste emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção, achados bioquímicos e análises imuno-histoquímicas.

Protective effect of gallic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.

INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Ototoxicity is one of the main side-effects restricting the use of cisplatin. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of gallic acid, in biochemical, functional and histopathological terms, against ototoxicity induced by cisplatin. METHODS: Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of seven animals each. Cisplatin group received a single intraperitoneal dose of 15mg/kg cisplatin. Gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100mg/kg for five consecutive days. Cisplatin+gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100mg/kg for five consecutive days and a single intraperitoneal dose of 15mg/kg cisplatin at 3rd day. A control group received 1mL intraperitoneal saline solution for five consecutive days. Prior to drug administration, all rats were exposed to the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test. The test was repeated on the 6th day of the study. All rats were then sacrificed; the cochleas were removed and set aside for biochemical and histopathological analyses. RESULTS: In cisplatin group, Day 6 signal noise ratio values were significantly lower than those of the other groups. Also, malondialdehyde levels in cochlear tissues were significantly higher, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower compared to the control group. Histopathologic evaluation revealed erosion in the stria vascularis, degeneration and edema in the connective tissue layer in endothelial cells, impairment of outer hair cells and a decrease in the number of these calls. In the cisplatin+gallic acid group, this biochemical, histopathological and functional changes were reversed. CONCLUSION: In the light of our findings, we think that gallic acid may have played a protective role against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats, as indicated by the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test results, biochemical findings and immunohistochemical analyses.

The effectiveness of eugenol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

INTRODUCTION: Ototoxicity refers to cellular damage or function impairment developing in the inner ear in association with any therapeutic agent or chemical substance, and still represents the principal side-effect restricting the use of cisplatin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform a biochemical, functional and histopathological investigation of the potential protective effect of eugenol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. METHODS: The study was performed with 24 female Sprague Dawley rats. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests were performed on all animals, which were randomized into four equal groups. A single intraperitoneal dose of 15mg/kg cisplatin was administered to cisplatin group, while the eugenol group received 100mg/kg eugenol intraperitoneal for five consecutive days. 100mg/kg eugenol was administered to cisplatin+eugenol group for 5 days. On the third day, these rats were received a single dose of 15mg/kg cisplatin. The control group was given 8mL/kg/day intraperitoneal saline solution for five days. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions test was repeated 24h after the final drug administration. All animals were sacrificed, and the cochleas were subsequently used for biochemical and histopathological examinations. RESULTS: Cisplatin caused oxidative stress in the cochlea, impaired the cochlear structure and significantly reduced signal noise ratio levels. Administration of eugenol together with cisplatin reversed these effects and provided functional, biochemical and histopathological protection. CONCLUSION: The study findings represent the first indication in the literature that eugenol may protect against ototoxicity by raising levels of antioxidant enzymes and lowering those of oxidant parameters.

The amendatory effect of hesperidin and thymol in allergic rhinitis: an ovalbumin-induced rat model.

PURPOSE: Allergic rhinitis is an immunoglobulin-E (Ig-E)-mediated response driven by type 2 helper T cells. Hesperidin and thymol are biological agents that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hesperidin and thymol in rats with ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Thirty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups, each containing six animals. The first group constituted the negative control group, while the remaining groups were exposed to an ovalbumin-induced model of allergic rhinitis. In the provocation stage, 4 mL/kg saline was administered to the positive control group, 10 mg/kg desloratadine to the reference group, 100 mg/kg hesperidin to the hesperidin group, and 20 mg/kg thymol to the thymol group, all by gastric lavage for 7 days. Nasal symptoms were scored on day 22. Rats were then sacrificed, and intracardiac blood specimens were collected to measure plasma total Ig-E, IL-5, IL-13, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels. Nasal tissues were extracted for histopathological and immunochemical examination. RESULTS: Nasal symptom scores were highest in the positive control group, while hesperidin and thymol ameliorated these symptoms to the same extent as desloratadine. Ig-E, IL-5, IL-13, and TOS levels increased, while TAC levels decreased significantly in the allergic rhinitis group compared to the other groups. Significant improvement in these parameters was observed in both the hesperidin and thymol groups. At histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the nasal cavity, severe allergic inflammation and severe TNF-α expression was determined in rats from the allergic rhinitis group. Mild inflammatory changes and mild TNF-α expression were observed in all three treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Both hesperidin and thymol were effective in suppressing allergic symptoms and inflammation in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Preoperative Serum Thyroglobulin Level as a Useful Predictive Marker to Differentiate Thyroid Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system cancer. Although fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the most commonly used method for diagnosis, it is not always sufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration on differentiated thyroid cancer risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 133 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy due to various indications at the Ear-Nose-Throat Department, Ataturk University Medical School, between April 2015 and December 2015, were included in this prospective study. Histopathological diagnosis and preoperative Tg levels were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for detection of the cut-off to discriminate malignant from benign thyroid masses using preoperative Tg as a variable. RESULTS: Malignant pathology (differentiated thyroid carcinoma) was detected in 59 out of 133 patients (44.4%) and benign pathology in 74 (55.6%). A statistically significant difference in preoperative Tg value was detected between malignant and benign cases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma was higher among patients with a preoperative serum Tg value > 188.5 ng/mL, and this may thus be used as a marker for the diagnosis of this malignancy.

The ameliorative effect of berberine and coenzyme Q10 in an ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model.

PURPOSE: Berberine and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are agents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of berberine and CoQ10 on allergic rhinitis. METHODS: This study involved 30 Sprague-Dawley rats, and allergic rhinitis model was established with induction of ovalbumin. Rats were randomized into five groups. The first represented the control group, in which no allergy was established. The second represented the allergy group, in which allergy was induced but no treatment was given. In the remaining three groups, following induction of allergy, desloratadine at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given to Group 3, 100 mg/kg dose of berberine to Group 4, and 20 mg/kg dose of CoQ10 to Group 5. Nasal symptom scores, and plasma immunoglobulin-E, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were examined at the end of the study. Rats' nasal tissues were also subjected to histopathological immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS: Nasal symptom scores, and plasma immunoglobulin-E, IL-4, IL-13, MDA and NO levels increased significantly in rats with induced allergic rhinitis. Berberine and CoQ10 significantly reduced these elevated levels. CoQ10 was also found as effective as desloratadin in terms of nasal symptom scores and biochemical parameters. At histopathological examination, severe allergic inflammation was observed in rats from allergic rhinitis group. At all treatment groups, the histopathological changes were significantly improved and only a mild inflammation was determined. Also, immunochemistry showed a significant improvement in all three treatment groups. Coenzyme Q10 and berberine were both effective in suppressing allergy symptoms. CONCLUSION: We think that berberine and coenzyme Q10 can usefully be employed as therapy due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in an experimentally induced allergic rhinitis model.

Does a single-dose preemptive intravenous ibuprofen have an effect on postoperative pain relief after septorhinoplasty?

PURPOSE: Septorhinoplasty is a surgical procedure widely employed by otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single pre-emptive dose of iv ibuprofen on postoperative pain and opioid consumption in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Control group (n = 25) was administered 100 mL iv saline solution 30 min preoperatively, while Ibuprofen group (n = 26) received 800 mg ibuprofen iv. in 100 mL saline solution. Intravenous fentanyl was administered with a Patient Controlled Analgesia device after surgery for postoperative pain management. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) with 0 representing no pain and 10 the worst pain possible. RESULTS: VAS scores at 10, 20, and 30 min and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h were lower in the ibuprofen group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Total fentanyl consumption was lower in the ibuprofen group compared to the placebo group (148.8 ±â€¯86.4 mcq vs 338.00 ±â€¯81.00 mcq), respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the pre-emptive use of iv ibuprofen at a dosage of 800 mg 30 min before septorhinoplasty will be beneficial in reducing opioid consumption and pain scores.

Rare Location for Pilonidal Sinus: the Nasal Dorsum.

Pilonidal sinuses are recurrent chronic inflammatory lesions which may occur due to penetration of hair particles into skin. Herein, the authors report a pilonidal sinus case that is unusually seen on nasal dorsum and totally excised with the open technique rhinoplasty method. A 20-year-old male patient was admitted to the authors' outpatient clinic with complaints of dysmorphism and discharge from nasal dorsum. Physical examination revealed a swelling in nasal dorsum and hair-containing fistula. Excision was performed with an open rhinoplasty approach. Histo-pathology examination revealed pilonidal sinus. While pilonidal sinus is usually located in sacro-coccygeal region, it may also be seen in atypical localizations like nasal dorsum. Although the prediagnosis of a hair-containing lesion usually includes dermoid cyst, pilonidal sinus should also be considered and histo-pathological examination should certainly be performed. It is a problematic condition when it is symptomatic; however, management and treatment of the disease is easy when correct diagnosis is made.